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Within this broad region, Caesar referred to a specific area as “Belgium,” which was politically dominant and located in what is now northern France. He described the Belgae as the bravest of the Gauls, and attributed this to their distance from the Roman Province, minimal contact with merchants importing luxury goods, and their continual warfare with the neighboring Germanic tribes across the Rhine. In the 19th century it was one of the earliest participants of the Industrial Revolution, and the first country in continental Europe to become industrialised. Centuries of being contested and controlled by various European powers earned Belgium the moniker “the Battlefield of Europe”, a reputation reinforced in the 20th century by both world wars. Brussels also hosts the headquarters of many major international organizations, such as NATO.f Belgium’s linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its complex system of governance, made up of six different governments. Burgundian and Habsburg Netherlands The union, technically stretching between two kingdoms, gave the area economic and political stability which led to an even greater prosperity and artistic creation. This prosperity played a role in conflicts between Flanders and the king of France. The lordships and bishoprics along the “March” (frontier) between the two great kingdoms maintained important connections between each other. In 870 in the Treaty of Meerssen, modern Belgium lands all became part of the western kingdom for a period, but in 880 in the Treaty of Ribemont, Lotharingia came under the lasting control of the eastern kingdom, which became the Holy Roman Empire. Over the centuries, it was divided up in many ways, but the Treaty of Verdun in 843 divided the Carolingian Empire into three kingdoms whose borders had a lasting impact on medieval political boundaries. Following Caesar’s conquests, Gallia Belgica became the Latin name for a large Roman province encompassing most of Northern Gaul, including the lands of the Belgae and Treveri. The population density of Belgium is 383/km2 (990/sq mi) as of January 2024, making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world, and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe. It was the first time N-VA was part of the federal cabinet, while the French-speaking side was represented only by the MR, which achieved a minority of the public votes in Wallonia. On 22 July 2014, King Philippe nominated Charles Michel (MR) and Kris Peeters (CD&V) to lead the formation of a new federal cabinet composed of the Flemish parties N-VA, CD&V, Open Vld and the French-speaking MR, which resulted in the Michel Government. French-speaking Belgians are often referred to as Walloons, although the French speakers in Brussels are not Walloons.p However, various criteria, including the language(s) of parents, of education, or the second-language status of foreign born, may provide suggested figures. Since then, Flanders has been prosperous, among the wealthiest regions in Europe, whereas Wallonia has been languishing. In the 1980s and 1990s, the economic center of the country continued to shift northwards and is now concentrated in the populous Flemish Diamond area. With education, for instance, the autonomy of the Communities neither includes decisions about the compulsory aspect nor allows for setting minimum requirements for awarding qualifications, which remain federal matters. The budget—without the debt—controlled by the federal government amounts to about 50% of the national fiscal income. French Revolution and United Kingdom of the Netherlands However, the incumbent coalition (composed of Flemish and French-speaking Social Democrats, Liberals, and Christian Democrats) maintained a solid majority in Parliament and all electoral constituencies. He appoints ministers, including a Prime Minister, that have the confidence of the Chamber of Representatives to form the federal government. Since the 1970s, sports clubs are organised separately by each language community. Many other major authors, including Peyo, André Franquin, Edgar P. Jacobs and Willy Vandersteen brought the Belgian cartoon strip industry a worldwide fame. Flanders and Wallonia both also have their own regional governments, and there is a notable independence movement in Flanders. The Administration de l’Éducation Physique et du Sport (ADEPS) is responsible for recognising the various French-speaking sports federations and also runs three sports centres in the Brussels-Capital Region. Subsequently, Roman Belgica was divided into two parts, and the regions closer to the lower Rhine frontier, such as the eastern part of modern Belgium, were incorporated into the frontier province of Germania Inferior. Additionally, the area around Arlon in southern Belgium was part of the territory of the powerful Treveri tribe, whose lands extended into present-day Luxembourg and adjacent regions of France and Germany. This has resulted in several far-reaching state reforms, including the transition from a unitary to federal structure between 1970 and 1993. Belgium has three main geographical regions; the coastal plain in the northwest and the central plateau both belong to the Anglo-Belgian Basin, and the Ardennes uplands in the southeast to the Hercynian orogenic belt. With the possible exception of the Prime Minister, the Council of Ministers is composed of an equal number of Dutch-speaking members and French-speaking members.The judicial system is based on civil law and originates from the Napoleonic Code. Its location at the heart of a highly industrialized region helped make it the world’s 15th largest trading nation in 2007. Victor Horta and Henry van de Velde were major starters of the Art Nouveau style. The Mosan art, the Early Netherlandish, the Flemish Renaissance and Baroque painting and major examples of Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque architecture are milestones in the history of art. Get directions & start navigation A major contribution to fundamental science was also due to a Belgian, Monsignor Georges Lemaître (Catholic University of Louvain), who is credited with proposing the Big Bang theory of the origin of the universe in 1927. Contributions to the development of science and technology have appeared throughout the country’s history. The divide has played a key part in the tensions between the Flemish and Walloons in addition to the already-existing language divide. Wallonia was historically wealthy compared to Flanders, mostly due to its heavy industries, but the